Archive for the ‘CNC’ Category

Milling cutters cope with heavy duty machining

September 16th 2008

Subcontractor benefitting from the growth in wind turbine generators gets 35% of its cutting tools from TaeguTec, including face Mills, T-Drill and the Set-Mill for heavy duty machining.

A subcontract manufacturer that supplies windmill generator companies, such as Vestas Wind Systems, GE Wind Energy, Nordex Energy and Repower Systems, is Ertech Stal of Hedensted, Denmark Ertech Stal produces hubs, base frames, rotor locks and bearing housings for the wind industry as well as ship propellers, thrust pads, mould tools and hydraulic press frames

Now, some 80% of the company’s business focuses upon the growing wind turbine market.

Established in 2000 with six employees and one bed mill, Ertech has rapidly expanded to a company with 180 employees and 16 machine tools.

In 2005, the company winning the ‘Gazelle Vinder 2005 Vejle’ regional fast growth award.
Further reading

Chip breaker inserts turn forged steel parts
TaeguTec’s ‘PC’ and ‘FC’ Chip Breaker range of inserts to provide exceptional chip control for turning applications on forged steel components as used in the automotive industry.

Mill shoulders with an excellent surface finish
For shouldering operations in the mould and die industry, a milling cutter has an increased core size to guarantee longer tool life and excellent surface finish.

Drills perform semi-dry hole-making
The trend towards environmental awareness and employee welfare has led to the development of semi-dry hole-making using minimum quantity lubrication.

The mainstay of the business is based around the production of hubs for the wind industry.

Ertech produces 30 hubs and frames each month.

The hubs vary in size with the smaller 10 tonne hub delivering a power output of 2MW, whilst the larger 56 tonne hub sits upon a turbine that produces 5MW of power.

The machining time varies from 10 to 20h/hub.

The job mostly involves machining the skin off the cast and drilling holes.

Swarf removal ranges from one to 10 tonnes/hub, a metal volume removal unavoidable due to the sand casting process of the cast iron parts, said Ertech.

Technical manager at Ertech Stal, Kenneth Volker said: “Because our parts are sand casted we have to machine to a depth of between 20 and 40mm to remove the skin of the cast.

To accommodate such heavy duty machining we have very large FPT bed mills with working envelopes ranging from 3 to 5.5m high and 8 to 30m in length with a capacity to hold over 100 tonne castings”.

He added: “However, we also need rigid, robust and extremely productive tooling and TaeguTec has supported us with this”.

* Cost effective machining - TaeguTec now supplies Ertech Stal with over 35% of its cutting tools with TaeguTec’s Face Mills, T-Drill and the Set-Mill Series proving extremely productive and successful.

TaeguTec started its relationship with Ertech Stal in 2001 and it has continually strived to share its expertise with Ertech to promote highly productive and cost effective machining.

Most machining demands large removal rates on large surface areas, so TaeguTec’s APKT inserts were initially introduced.

These were followed by TaeguTec’s wiper inserts, which immediately gave improved tool life, enhanced chip removal and higher feed rates.

* Face milling cuts deepened - TaeguTect told manufacturingtalk that the introduction of TaeguTec Face-Mills at Ertech made a considerable impact on facing and interpolation operations.

Cutting on the periphery of a large bore, a competitor’s face mill was making 9mm deep cuts that took 19 passes to complete the operation.

With technical support from TaeguTec Korea, a face mill was developed with 60 inserts and it made immediate improvements.

Taking 14mm deep cuts, the TaeguTec Face Mill managed to complete the process in 12 passes as opposed to 19.

With each pass taking 20 min, this one tooling change saved Ertech Stal 2h 20 min/hub, saving Ertech 70h of machining/month.

The Ertech machine used for this process is a powerful and rigid machine with a 37kW spindle that comfortably accommodates deep cuts and high feeds.

Volker said: “There is a fast line of communication between us and TaeguTec.

We frequently need new and special tools developed and our local TaeguTec representative will work to tirelessly and rapidly to resolve and support us with any tooling issues.

Tooling can be developed in Korea and sent to us rapidly and this fast working chain now sees us use TaeguTec for all our Face Milling operations.” Volker gave the example of a cutter developed to back cut holes.

The specially designed tool produces flats on the back side of the hub base frames for Ertech to check parallelism of the workpiece.

It allows the company to check parallelism without having to turn the base frames around, something that would take at least an hour to re-set the base.

* Drilling - a major process of hub production is the drilling of holes with 300 and 200 holes in the large and small hubs respectively.

The smaller 2MW hub requires 54 holes on each of its three faces plus an additional 50 holes on the base (212 holes).

Previously using a competitor’s drill for the 39mm diameter and 160mm deep holes, Ertech drilled at a 110m/min cutting speed with a 1000mm/min feed.

However, the pointed drill was incapable of cutting to depth and had to drill 171mm deep due to the pointed end of the drill.

The solid carbide drill machined 270 holes before needing to be replaced, a changeover process that added to the cycle time.

TaeguTec introduced its three insert T-Drill to the process and immediately made improvements.

Running at 290m/min with a feed rate of 1100mm/min, a 10% productivity improvement was realised.

Utilising the SPMG TT6030 insert the tool life was significantly improved and the cost was drastically reduced.

The T-Drill produced 200 holes on each face of the four sided insert resulting in a total of 800 holes for the three inserts as opposed to the 270 previously achieved.

The T-Drill eliminated drill changeovers to further reduce the production cycle time.

TaeguTec Denmark representative for Ertech, Henrik Spangholt said: “The new T-Drill has saved production cycle times by 10% and there are no changeovers.

On this one job the square end of the T-Drill now means that Ertech machine the equivalent of 1kilometer less per year.

Added to this is the reduced cost and improved tool life of the inserts in comparison to the solid carbide drill.

The benefits have been considerable”.

Looking ahead Volker concluded: “We have a very close working relationship with TaeguTec and they continually strive to improve upon the benefits of their own tools as well as the competition.

With this attitude we know that we have a partnership that will grow further in the future”.

* About wind turbines - wind turbine power is rapidly emerging as a leading technology of choice.

Wind power is currently expanding on a global scale of 20% year on year and this is set to continue beyond 2012 at which point the global wind turbine market will be worth a staggering US$300billion.

The manufacturing and technology development for this emerging market is based in Denmark.

In the Jutland region of Denmark alone, five of the world’s largest wind turbine manufacturers have manufacturing plants.

There can be found Vestas (24% Global market share), Siemens (8% share) and GE Power.

The industry also employs thousands of people at subcontract manufacturing facilities that support the main OEMs.

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Latest 5-axis milling and advanced EDM to be shown

February 6th 2008

A high performance, 5-axis machining centre, a wire EDM and a die-sinking EDM will reflect the latst in milling and EDM technology at MACH 2008

GF AgieCharmilles, a market-leading EDM and milling machine tool manufacturer, will be showing its very latest EDM and milling machines - with many of the machines making their UK market debuts at the MACH 2008 machine tool exhibition. The new machines include a Mikron High-Performance 5-axis machining centre (HPM 800U) and two EDM machines: the Form 2000, an advanced and sophisticated spark erosion machine, and an AC Cut 20, a high-productivity standard wire machine.

They will be joined by three more GF AgieCharmilles machines, as follows.

* A Mikron HSM 400U high-speed 5-axis machine.

* A FI 640 CC (CleanCut) wire edm machine.

* An EDM Drill 11 (EDM hole-drilling machine).

UK managing director of Agie Charmilles, Steve Sylvester, told manuacturingtalk.com: ‘We’ve put a lot of thought into our machine tool line up at MACH - and believe we’ve got the balance just about right’.
Further reading

Die-sinking EDMs offer higher accuracy
Die-sinking EDMs have, as standard, quality glass scales, which continuously measure and correct axis positions, ensuring that all components are in the required range of accuracy

Wire EDM improves subcontractor services
EDM subcontractor has purchased a wire EDM to improve its manufacturing services and improve turnaround times and achieve tight customer delivery deadlines

Flood damaged wire EDMs replaced quickly
Areas of the UK suffered severe flooding in 2007 and a badly-hit EDM subcontractor had to replace its machines very quickly, aided by the UK subsidiary of a Swiss wire EDM machine builder

He said: ‘Our milling line-up substantiates our market-leader position in 5-axis machine tool manufacture, and reflects the growing market trend towards multi-axis machining’.

Sylvester added: ‘Both High-Speed and High-Performance 5-axis machine tool technologies will be represented by the two Mikron machines being exhibited - and both will feature integrated automation and SMART technology software for increased productivity’.

* EDM - about EDM exhibits, Sylvester said: ‘On the EDM side we’ve made sure that we’ve covered all the bases too.

We have standard and advanced wire and die-sink models on show, and our line-up demonstrates to precision manufacturers (precision toolmakers and component manufacturers), that our range of EDM machines is second to none’.

In addition to (and to complement) the machine tools on show, GF AgieCharmilles will also use its MACH exhibition stand to promote the company’s comprehensive and highly-successful Customer Services Business - Consumables, After-sales services, Technical and Applications support and so on.

Finally, the company’s popular ‘Privilege Club’, a recently launched customer loyalty and incentive programme, will also be promoted from its Stand.

Agie Charmilles at MACH 2008, NEC, Birmirngham, UK, April 21-25, Hall 5, Stand 5410.

http://www.manufacturingtalk.com/news/agi/agi178.html

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Are You Breaking Taps?

February 5th 2008

Submitted by Dan Becker of Function First Fabricating

If your machine does not have a spindle encoder, you should be using a “floating” tapping holder. The holder will extend or compress to make up for mismatches in speed and feed.

The spindle takes longer to reverse directions than the feed. A machine with a spindle encoder will recognize this, and adjust the feed to match (rigid tapping). If you don’t have an encoder on your spindle, a floating tap holder is the way to go. I have heard of and seen people get away without one by running very low spindle speeds. But if you tap many holes at all, the holder is worth the money. If you go with the floater, you can kick your spindle speeds back up to normal. Just remember a couple things:

(1) The spindle is still going to “coast down”, even more so with higher spindle speeds. On most of our machines this translates into about 1 turn for every 100rpm. Program the depth a little short to keep from coasting too deep, especially on blind holes.

(2) Since the holder can extend, it’s possible for the tap to have not made it completely out of the hole before the machine moves to the next location (snap). Use a larger R-plane to help avoid this.

A couple of the controls we own have features to compensate while “flexible” tapping. Fadal can use a P-code to adjust feed on the way out of the hole. P5, for example, reduces the feedrate by 5% on the way out. Incon allows a D-code to dwell (feed) at the bottom to wait for the spindle to catch up. If you have the spindle encoder, nothing beats M29 rigid tapping.

http://www.cncci.com/resources/tips/tension%20tap.htm

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Calculating the lead of a twist drill

February 5th 2008

by Roger Levesque of Sanders

I see a lot of people use trig to calculate a drill tip or to calculate how much deeper to go with the countersink. A quicker way to calculate a 118 degree drill tip is to multiply the dia. by 0.3 i.e.: 0.250 X .3=0.075 The .3 is a standard established by the fact that your answer would be .3 if it were trig’d out for a 1″ dia. Try it! You can do the same for different countersinks, too. Use the value 0..575 (instead of 0.3) for an 82 degree countersink.

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A Circle Milling Custom Macro

February 5th 2008

by Steven Andrews of H & L Tooling

GREETINGS FROM SOUTH AFRICA! I HAVE RECENTLY STARTED PROGRAMMING IN MACRO B AND HAVE WRITTEN THIS PROGRAM TO CUT PILLAR HOLES, ETC IN MOULD PLATES. THIS PROGRAM CUTS A HOLE OF ANY DIAMETER AT ANY POSITION WITH ANY DEPTH OF CUT USING ANY DIAMETER CUTTER. THERE IS NO NEED FOR RADIUS COMPENSATION AS YOU CAN CHANGE THE CUTTER DIAMETER OR THE HOLE DIAMETER TO GET THE SIZE YOU REQUIRE. YOU CAN SET THE DEPTH OF CUT TO MORE THAN THE TOTAL DEPTH OF THE HOLE TO JUST TAKE ONE CUT. THE 180 DEG. LEAD-IN AND LEAD-OUT WITH A RADIUS PLACES LESS STRAIN ON THE CUTTER AS IT COMES INTO CONTACT WITH THE MATERIAL TO BE CUT. HERE IS THE PROGRAM :

* :8000(PILLAR HOLES)
* #100=1.0(CUTTER DIAMETER)
* #101=30.0(X CENTRE)
* #102=30.0(Y CENTRE)
* #103=0.0
* #104=30.0(DEPTH OF HOLE)
* #105=50.0(DIA OF HOLE)
* #106=3000(SPNDLE SPEED)
* #107=500.0(FEED)
* #108=10(TOOL POS)
* #110=20.0(DEPTH OF CUT)
* G00G91G28Z0.0
* G91G28X0.0Y0.0
* T#108M06
* G00G90G54X#101Y#102S#106M03
* G43Z10.0H#108M08
* N1WHILE[-#104LE#103]DO1
* #103=[#103-#110]
* IF[-#104GT#103]GOTO20
* G1Z#103F[#107/3]
* G03X[#101+#105-#100/2]R[[#105-#100]/4]F#107 I-[#105/2-#100/2]J0.0
* X#101R[[#105-#100]/4]
* G00Z10.0
* END1
* N20#103=-#104
* G01Z#103F[#107/3]
* G03X[#101+#105-#100/2]R[[#105-#100]/4]F#107[[#10-#100]/4]
* G00Z10.0 M09
* G00G91G28Z0.0
* G91G28X0.0Y0.0
* M30

http://www.cncci.com/resources/tips/cicle%20mill.htm

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You Say You Can’t Make Your Machine Zero Return?

February 5th 2008

by Michael Saylor of CNC Engineering and Service

For most of the Fanuc Series Controllers (FS) OT,16/18T,10/11T you can have a condition where upon every time you attempt a Zorn (Zero Return), a Soft Limit Over Travel occurs. This is especially troublesome with the Z axis of vertical machining centers and the X axis of turning centers. These axes tend to drift during the night. When this happens, here’s what you do:

Release NC Soft OT alarm by Jogging away from the limit. Turn the control’s power off. Depress the “P” key and the “CAN” (cancel) key and keep them depressed when you turn the control on (continue holding P and CAN until CRT Display comes on. Release “P” and “Can” keys. Attempt Zero Return again. Pressing P and CAN makes the control ignore the soft limit, and resets at Decel via prox. If the axis over travels again, more than likely you have a bad Zrn Switch. Usually a Proximity Limit Switch. Check the machine maintenance drawing for schematic and DGN associated. Check the DGN I/O bits or ladder while placing a metal object in “Proximity” of the switch face. Note: Even though an indicating led works, it doesn’t always mean the switch is good.

http://www.cncci.com/resources/tips/zero%20return.htm

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Do You Document Your CNC Programs Well Enough?

February 5th 2008

by Bernadette Henderson of Specialty Machine Products

I have been programing for about 2 years, and before that I had been a manual machinist for 15 years. I have found that by making a program easy to read and consistent every time you make one makes it easier for operators and new personnel to read. I have seen many old programs made by previous programmers and even I even have to look hard at it to see what’s going on. If you start it the same and don’t try to put everything on one line the operator knows what to look for and doesn’t get confused. For example MO3 on one line, and the rpm on another. They both go together and should be on the same line. Its just like a sentence. Here is an example of how I write a simple program.

* :0005(so and sos part)
* N1T1( 7/16 CENTER DRILL )
* (STATES WHAT IT IS)
* G40G80G90G54(CANCELS CANNED CYCLES,ABSOLUTE,G54OFFSET#)
* M06 (CHANGE THE TOOL)
* M03S1000 (TURN THE SPINDLE ON CW AT 1000 RPM’S)
* M08 (TURN ON THE COOLANT)
* G00X0Y0 (GO TO INITIAL POSITION)
* G43Z1.0H1T2 (READ LENGTH OFFSET FOR TOOL 1,RAPID TO IS 1″,NEXT TOOL IS TOOL 2)
* G73G98Z-.250R.1Q.05F3.0 (WHAT DRILL CYCLE IS THIS,RETRACT TO POINT IS,DEPTH OF CUT,RAPID BACK TO,PECK AMOUNT,FEED RATE)
* G00Z1.0 (THIS IS FORCE OF HABIT TO REMIND ME TO CLEAR ALL OBJECTS BEFORE I GO TO HOME ZERO)
* M98P0002(SUB PROGRAM THAT INCLUDES ALL DATA TO SEND MACHINE HOME IN Z AND I NEVER EVER HAVE TO WRITE IT AGAIN)
* M30 (END OF PROGRAM)

I’m human and I forget things when I go fast, but if I teach what to look for every time, and where it should be, people tend to be able to find it for themselves and see what missing and what shouldn’t be there All it takes is an extra few moments, and if they get an alarm my guys know what to look for and when that happens they figure it out themselves and learn.

http://www.cncci.com/resources/tips/document.htm

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Safe Index Position For CNC Machining Centers

February 5th 2008

by Steve Wood, Laconia, N.H.

I recently encountered your web site and have been reading the material therein. Eventually I encountered the comments about the amount of time lost to wasted rapid moves. Absolutely correct! To that end I would like to describe a technique that has worked well for me. The question: On a horizontal milling center, how far away from the work piece must the Z axis be positioned to allow a ³safe² pallet index?

The safest Z axis position prior to a pallet index is Z home. This can result in tool being a long way from the work after the pallet index. To save time the least amount of retract must be determined.

The following code allows the machine to calculate the safe index position based on predetermined values stored in the #500 variables and the tool length variable. This runs on a Fanuc 16MB driving a Mori SH-50 Horizontal. It should work on most Macro B systems where access to system variables are allowed. The following system conditions and variables must be known.

1) The distance from the spindle gage line to the center of pallet rotation when the Z axis is at the home position. This generally found in the machine specifications or in most sales brochures.

2) The maximum work piece swing diameter when the pallet indexes. This is also a machine spec and also found in the sales brochures. This method also assumes that all tool offset values are positive lengths.

Store the spindle gage line distance in one of the #500 permanent common variables. I use #529 . I use this value for other applications. Store the RADIUS value of the max swing diameter plus 1 inch in variable #530. Both #529 and #530 are positive values. The CNC code is:

G0 G90 G53 Z-[#529-#530-#5083]

Place this line in the program after the work is completed on a particular pallet side, but before any tool length cancel codes are called. The #5083 system variable contains the currently active tool length value. G53 is a one shot G code positioning the Z axis along machine coordinates. Obviously this line of code must never be a start up line. The #5083 register is set to zero on a reset or tool length cancel. The net effect is to place any tool tip 1 inch outside the max swing radius of the pallet. After the pallet indexes, position the tool as is necessary and go back to work. The 1 inch value that I use could be more or less depending on your comfort level.

To lessen the chance of an accident I recently wrote this macro. I replace the line G0 G90 G53 Z-[#539-#530-#5083] with G153 R15. To use G153, set the G code creating parameter for program O9011 to 153.

* O9011 (TOOL RETRACT)
* #1=#4001 (STORE CURRENT STATE OF G0/G1)
* #3=#4003 (STORE CURRENT STATE OF G90/G91)
* IF[#5083 EQ 0] GOTO 99 (IF TOOL LENGTH VALUE IS ZERO.DON’T DO ANYTHING)
* IF[#18 EQ#0] GOTO 1 (CHECK FOR R VALUE)
* IF[#18 LT 10.] THEN #3000=99(*YIKES* R VALUE IS TO SMALL )
* (NEVER ALLOW TOOL TIP ANY CLOSER THAN 10 INCHES TO THE PALLET CENTER)
* G0 G90 G53 Z-[#529-#18-#5083] (RETRACT TOOL TO R RADIUS POSITION)
* GOTO 2
* N1G0 G90 G53 Z-[#529-#530-#5083] (RETRACT TO FIXED RADIUS POINT)
* N2 G#1 G#3 (RESTORE GRP 1 AND 3 STATES)
* N99M99

The R parameter is used to override the fixed retract radius position. If R is not declared then then the retract position is fixed by the #530 variable.

http://www.cncci.com/resources/tips/safe%20index.htm

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How fast can you rapid?

February 5th 2008

CNC Programmers have the tendency to ignore the effects of rapid motions on cycle time because of the very fast rate of motion. While today’s CNC machines do rapid at amazing rates (some over 1,500 inches per minute), no rapid motion can be made instantaneously. In order to minimize cycle time, you must minimize rapid motions.

To stress this point, we offer a simple rule of thumb called the one second rule. One second of saved cycle time will total 16.6 minutes of saved production time in one thousand cycles. While this may not sound like a lot, it can add up fast. If but four seconds can be saved per cycle in a one thousand piece order, over one hour of production time can be saved. And if this four seconds can be saved without spending money (by simply formatting your programs efficiently), all the better.

It helps to know just how far your machine must travel (at rapid) to accumulate one second of cycle time. Of course, the faster the machine’s rapid rate, the further it must move to accumulate one second. Here is a chart that shows the relationship of rapid rate to motion distance at common rapid rates. Notice that rapid motion is never instantaneous! In fact, you may be somewhat unpleasantly surprised to learn how little your machine must move to accumulate one second. These values, of course, do not reflect any acceleration/deceleration, meaning these numbers represent the best condition. In reality, the effects of rapid motion are even worse!

* 100 IPM - 1.666 inches
* 200 - 3.332 inches
* 300 - 4.998 inches
* 400 - 6.664 inches
* 500 - 8.330 inches
* 600 - 9.996 inches
* 700 - 11.662 inches
* 800 - 13.328 inches
* 900 - 14.994 inches
* 1000 - 16.660 inches
* 1100 - 18.300 inches
* 1200 - 20.000 inches
* 1300 - 21.700 inches
* 1400 - 23.300 inches
* 1500 - 25.000 inches

Knowing these values, let’s look at a simple example. Say you have a ten-tool machining center program. Say the motion distance from the workpiece to the machine’s tool changing position is about 10 inches (a relatively small machine). At each tool change, about 20 inches of motion distance will be required (ten inches to and from the workpiece). For ten tools, this totals 200 inches of motion (ten tools times twenty inches of motion per tool). Cycle time in minutes is calculates by dividing the motion distance by the inches per minute rapid rate. One second is equal to 0.0166 minutes.

With a rapid rate of 500 inches per minute, rapid motion for tool changing will require 24 seconds of cycle time! And that’s assuming no acceleration/deceleration. In one thousand cycles, that’s over six hours of production time, just for rapid motions. Anything you can do to minimize rapid motions will have a direct impact on cycle time!

http://www.cncci.com/resources/tips/rapid.htm

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Getting parentheses on 16 and 18 series Fanuc controls

February 5th 2008

Suggested by Ty Brady of CNC Systems

Some series 16 and (especially) 18 series controls come with a “limited keyboard”, meaning only essential keys are available. If you do not have a full keyboard on your 16 or 18 series control, you will find that there are no parentheses keys [()]. If this is the case, you cannot type or edit messages at the control.

Though you will not have every letter of the alphabet available, you can at least gain access to parentheses by changing a parameter. According to Ty Brady of CNC Systems in Kennebunk, Maine, bit number 2 of parameter 3204 (check in your list of parameters for confirmation) controls this function. If bit 2 set to a one (it is labeled “EXK”), you will notice that two soft keys under the display screen in the Edit mode will show parentheses.

http://www.cncci.com/resources/tips/paren.htm

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